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Gemeinschaft Mesh-Netzwerk: Die DIY-Internet

gertudepark fa 13 anys en Plugin announcements • 0
Da die NSA Spionage Kontroverse brach im letzten Sommer, scheint wahr Online-Datenschutz fast lächerlich.Das Leben im 21. Jahrhundert scheint eine schwierige Wahl zwischen Aufstellen mit Big Brother oder Rückzug in einer Blockhütte auf Such Ihre Manifest (Langschrift, kein Zweifel) sein.Aber was, wenn es einen dritten Wahl-was, wenn Sie die NSA durch den Aufbau Ihrer eigenen Internet umgehen können?Wie sich herausstellt, ist diese Idee gar nicht so weit hergeholt, sagt Clive Thompson inMother Jones(September / Oktober 2013).In der Tat ist es schon an zu passieren.

Die Idee begann als eine Lösung für die "letzte Meile"-Problem die Tatsache, dass Web-Nutzer den Anschluss an den Weiten einem Netzwerk ist für alle Beteiligten lächerlich teuer.Vor zehn Jahren bekam Möchtegern-Nutzer in ländlichen Spanien krank warten, um für Telekom für Web-Zugang zu verbinden und zu überladen und begann zu denken Alternativen.Sie schlugen auf die Gemeinschaft Mesh-Netzwerk, eine Art Koop-Internet, wo DSL, öffentliche Hot-Spots, und Langstrecken-Antennen an die Stelle der herkömmlichen Breitband-und WiFi.Und es hat funktioniert: Heute ist Spaniens Guifi Netzwerk der weltweit größte Masche mit mehr als 21.000 Nutzer-viele von ihnen genießen schnellere Internet zu niedrigeren Kosten als die von uns immer noch unter Berufung auf einen ISP.

Im Gegensatz zu einem traditionellen Hub-and-Spoke-Netzwerk, in dem die Benutzer eine Verbindung unabhängig voneinander an einen zentralen Zugriffspunkt-denken, AT & T ein Community-Mesh-Netzwerk verbindet Benutzer für alle anderen Benutzer in der Nähe.Also anstatt alle raub Daten aus der gleichen Quelle, Mesh-Benutzern teilen alles, was sie mit den in der Nähe empfangen, was Thompson-Bereich fordert der "Eimerketten"-Ansatz zur Verwendung im Internet.Manchmal bedeutet dies, den gemeinsamen Zugang zu herkömmlichen Servern in weit entfernten Orten, in anderen Fällen bedeutet es, eine völlig neue Internet von Grund auf.

Und wie sich herausstellt, all dies macht Big Brother die Aufgabe viel schwieriger.Die NSA kann Tabs auf Millionen von E-Mail-Konten und-Browsing Geschichte zu haben, aber sie haben keine PRISM-Programm für Mesh-Netze haben.Surveilling oder Herunterfahren eines Community-Mesh ist nicht unmöglich, aber es ist wie Hydra-Design macht es viel komplizierter.Und das hat Aktivisten und Befürworter der Netzneutralität angeregt.Networks mag klein sein, aber das Potenzial für eine wirklich freie und offene Internet ist da.
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Google acquires Spider.io, An Abney And Associates Technology News

Fahmida Stawski fa 13 anys • 0
Justpaste.it
Google claimed it’s ratcheting up the fight against fraud in online advertising, disclosing Friday that it has bought Spider.io, a London company specializing in ad fraud detection technology.

Google has been investing in ad fraud prevention for years, said Neal Mohan, Google’s Display Advertising VP in a blog post on Friday. The company last year turned down millions of applications from sites looking to join its network because of suspected fraudulent activity, he said.

Now, Google will immediately include Spider.io’s fraud detection technology in its video and display ads products to complement existing efforts, said Mohan.

Spider.io helps preventing display advertisers from being defrauded by networks of hijacked PCs, tablets and phones that generate billions of fake ad views, according to its website.

Currently there are two types of display advertising fraud being committed using hijacked Internet-enabled devices, according to Spider.io.

The first involves the attacker running fully automated browsers on the hijacked devices without the knowledge of the device owners. Those browsers visit ad-laden websites of the attacker’s choosing and simulate mouse movements and ad clicks, Spider.io said.

The second type involves hijacking the browsing sessions of the device owners. That typically takes one of four forms, Spider.io said. The device owner’s clicks could for instance be redirected to websites of the attacker’s choosing, and the device owner may also be shown unexpected pop-up windows. Web pages may also be hidden in pop-under windows under the owners’ active browser windows, and ads could be illegitimately injected into webpages ordinarily visited by the device owners.

The company’s technology prevents hijacked PCs, tablets and phones from being used to defraud online advertisers by identifying the type of automated agent responsible for each individual ad request in real time, according to its website.

Google said it hopes its anti-fraud efforts will eventually improve the metrics that advertisers and publishers use to determine the value of digital media and give all parties a clearer picture of what campaigns and media are truly delivering strong results.

Details of the deal were not disclosed in the blog post. Google did not immediately reply to a request for comment.
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Jennifer Shearin Group Wellness Coaching: Road to Wellness Less Travelled on Quora

Scarlet Gray fa 13 anys en Plugin announcements • 0
View Source

With the upsurge of the wellness industry in the past thirty years, more and more people are living well-balanced and active lives. And as the essential medical knowledge and practices improve even more, we can look forward to more people living up to a hundred years or more, something which was apparently a common thing in ancient times. In certain parts of the world, such as Thailand, Spain, Japan, France and the US, where we can find the most number of centenarians, dietary and lifestyle habits are commonly investigated and emulated as effective means of achieving not just long-life but for maintaining a sense of well-being.

If it was such a common thing for people to live up to a hundred or even much longer in ancient times, how come modern people no longer approach that level of physiological durability? We are more of an exception now rather than the rule in biological longevity. Sea turtles, swans and carps and some other animals have longer average life spans than us humans. And they do not even read bibles and blogs!

[Make powerful choices to create your maximum level of health with my facilitation skills and the wisdom and support of a group. See Jennifer Shearin Group Wellness Coaching: Road to Wellness Less Travelled video update. ]

But we should not despair as life is, as often said, not measured in the length of one’s life but in the quality of life that one has. What human can survive living in water as tortoises and carps do? Yet the quality of life, not just the length of it, can now be attained through observing certain basic health tips and lifestyle changes any person can do without having to spend so much. And one need not reside in Okinawa or in Nepal to achieve this.

Jennifer Shearin provides a valuable list of how one can attain wellness, and, it follows, a long and happy life. She does not tell her readers to do all, of course. One only has to choose those that fit one’s budget and other conveniences in life.

Take, for instance, tip # 45 on taking up yoga. Yoga, admittedly, has so many health benefits. But such benefits can only be attained through some rigorous body exercises unique to yoga. Here is where many people feel challenged, especially the aged and the physically disabled? What then? As suggested, one must look for other alternatives while trying to achieve the same health benefits.

Certain ancient Chinese breathing exercises are known to provide rejuvenation of internal organs through slow, meditative deep-breathing routines. Almost any person of any age and even with disabilities can practice them. Perhaps, certain body movements, just as certain expensive foods are inaccessible to most people, are not meant for everyone. But there are certainly other ways to get the health benefits through some other means.

And with 74 ways to choose from, Jennifer Shearin has certainly covered most bases when it comes to having a healthy, happy and long life. For that, we can only thank her.
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You call this support? Your forum is a fucking joke.

fr itz fa 14 anys • actualitzat fa 14 anys • 1

Why even have a forum if you don't answer people's queries, don't have a 'forgotten password', and don't reply to keyword queries? What a joke.

Useless.

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Westhill Consulting - Mannento Mori

Jhennifer Fink fa 13 anys • 0
http://www.quora.com/Anny-Blake/Posts/Westhill-Consulting-Mannento-Mori
I do not know about you, but I love the humor Wojciech Mann.One of the nicest moments of the week this morning "snippets of Activities" in the Trinity before 9TA morning when driving to work listening to Mr. Wojciech przekomarzajacego of Bukartykiem.Yes, it is there established hit "Women like flowers" ... What's interesting every morning, full of smart giggle broadcast editor Mann ends with the words: "Thank you for today, and if all goes well, we will hear on Sunday."

But what does it mean "How everything goes well ..."?Mr. Editor, is less than two days, what's going to happen?After the first moment of surprise, comes reflection: Well, a lot can happen ...

This kind of Memento Mori, you can (and should) be taken literally, but it has a dimension of trade.Are you ready for change?And what if on Monday will no longer be your position?In what state is your resume?Is the date zbierałeś testimonials from clients written on LinkedIn or Goldenline, or only now desperately begin to accumulate contacts?

Or not to be gloomy, what if tomorrow you get to realize a new, very interesting project?What about those things that realizowałeś so far?Is it them who take over?I had a few situations in life when working for many months managed to create something cool, but took care of succession.Sorry had to look that no successor projects are prepared natural erosion and processes without fixed guards become outdated ...

This is actually not such a rare situations.Editor Mann has survived many such stories.Despite the years, is not subjected to the routine, but it is always ready for a change.How to tell Spencer Johnson, author of "Who Moved My Cheese", Editor's always in sweats and sneakers.And you?Are you ready for change?It should be: Memento Mori!
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Auto copy/paste changes in default preferences to user preferences

Jethro Flanagan fa 14 anys • 0

Any changes in the default preferences don't actually occur in that file, but are automatically pasted through to the user preferences. This saves on copy/paste time, helps new users deal with how the preference system works, and can automate copying comments through, too.


e.g. editing 

"font_size": 10, to "font_size": 12, in the defaults will actually add that change to user preferences, while leaving the default as it was. 


It would be helpful to have a small tooltip or something similar notifying the user of this.

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Completat

A nice terminal integration feature using Distributed Objects or apple events to talk to (or instantiate and talk to) Sublime Text 2.

Ian Baird fa 15 anys • updated by Jon Skinner fa 15 anys • 1

This is the best (and only way) to achieve seamless terminal integration on OS X. Pretty much it's a separate shell utility which is a DO client for your app (which is a DO server). It then pipes data to it, tells it to open a file, etc.


This is how the TextMate "mate" utility and the BBEdit "bbedit" shell tools work.

Answer
Jon Skinner fa 15 anys
Please take a look at http://www.sublimetext.com/docs/2/osx_command_line.html
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Thermal Triumphs

bellefretz15 fa 13 anys • 0

source: http://biomassmagazine.com/articles/9526/thermal-triumphs/

Using fast pyrolysis—gasification’s cooler, oxygenless cousin—to economically produce a bio-oil that serves as a replacement for alternative fuel oil has been a challenging endeavor. Despite its unusual properties and typically high capital and operating expenditures, however, there is increased interest around bio-oil production and utilization, and researchers and companies are achieving success in solving commercialization barriers.

One of those companies is Metso, whose technology partner, VTTTechnical Research Centre of Finland, has been working on bio-oil since 1982. Jussi Mantyniemi, general manager of technology for Metso’s power business line, says the patented, integrated bio-oil production process has three main parts, the first of which is fuel handling. This includes fuel receiving, drying of the biomass to 10 percent moisture, crushing and conveying.

Prepared fuel then enters a fluidized pyrolysis reactor where the dried biomass is pyrolysed in oxygen-free conditions. “The heat for the reaction is provided by the hot sand from the host boiler,” Mantyniemi explains. “After the reactor, in the cyclones, vapors are separated from the sand and char, which are returned to the boiler.”

Vapors from the reactor are condensed to form bio-oil, and noncondensable gases are introduced to the boiler for heat and power generation.

The technology has been thoroughly tested in a process demonstration unit at VTT, as well as a 7-ton-per-day scale unit at Metso’s research and development facility in Tampere, Finland. Metso and VTT will reach a milestone this fall, with the completion of a commercial-scale production facility in Joensuu, Finland, at a facility owned by energy company Fortum. “The pyrolysis plant is integrated into the existing CHP (combined-heat-and-power) plant, and will produce 50,000 tons annually of bio-oil,” Manthyniemi says.

Previously, for proof of concept, around 40 metric tons of bio-oil was combusted in Fortum’s 1.5 MW district heating plant in Masala, Finland.

Commissioning of the plant is scheduled for this fall. Though it may serve as proof that bio-oil can be produced and used at commercial scales, there are still hurdles to robust market development.

Market Development

According to Mantyniemi and VTT reseachers, the biggest challenge in commercialization of fast pyrolysis technology is to make bio-oil production competitive in combustion applications. In other words, the whole value chain from the fuel procurement to the end use must be capable of operating in the margin between the price of the reference fuel and the price of the feedstock. The margin for heavy fuel oil replacement is relatively small, which makes developing commercial cases very vulnerable. Cases where replacement of light fuel oil is possible are more lucrative, due to the bigger margin. 
In case of Joensuu, Fortum is planning on utilizing the produced bio-oil in district heating boilers around the Joensuu and Helsinki areas for peak loads, rather than heavy and light fuel oils.

Another hurdle to commercialization is burner technology development, as relatively few burner manufacturers have developed commercially available burner models for fast pyrolysis bio-oils, and designs are sensitive to the changes in the quality of the bio-oil. This may cause problems in ignition, flame detection and flame stabilization.

On potential users of bio-oil, Mantyniemi says the main customer segments are the pulp and paper industry and heat and power plant owners who have access to biomass. “The integration of the pyrolysis plant energy flows, and utilizing the existing infrastructure, are advantages.”

Initial use of bio-oil will be replacement of heavy fuel oil in any current application like industrial boilers, district heating boilers and industrial lime kilns, he adds. “[Bio-oil’s] high-energy density, i.e. transportation cost, is low compared to other forms of bioenergy, and it can be used as a substitute to heavy fuel oil with very limited modifications to the existing equipment and process.”

Metso is on track to achieve successes in fast pyrolysis similar to what it has experienced commercializing its gasification technology, which it has spent over 30 years perfecting. According to Bill Partanen, gasification business development manager, the company’s circulating fluidized bed (CFB) gasification systems are based on many years of Cymic CFB and Hybex bubbling fluidized bed system technologies, with over 200 facilities operating worldwide.

Gasification Successes

The first CFB gasification system was installed by Gotaverken—now Metso—at a papermill in Varo, Sweden, in 1987, and is it still in operation at the mill, Partanen says. Nine years later, the power boiler business of Götaverken and Finnish boiler company Tampella were merged by Kvaerner, which was acquired by Metso in 2007. “The continued growth and development of boilers and gasification with these companies has spanned more than 30 years,” Partanen says.

As a result of lessons learned over the past 30 years, Metso currently has the two largest CFB gasification plants in successful operation in the world. The Vaasa, Finland, facility, cofires up to 40 percent forest residue in an existing 230 MW electric and 170 MW thermal pulverized coal utility boiler and is the first utility-scale application for Metso. Generating 230 MW electricity and 170 MW thermal, the facility has been in successful operation since December 2012.

There are benefits to gasification cofiring, Partanen says, one of which is reusing the existing infrastructure inclusive of the boiler/turbine, an investment cost of approximately 30 percent of a new biomass plant. Additionally, cofiring with biomass provides the option to keep an old, coal-fired plant in operation by reducing mercury, CO2, and SO2 emission limits that might otherwise require new emissions controls equipment.

The facility Metso completed in the city of Lahti, Finland, uses sorted municipal solid waste (MSW) to produce 90 MW of thermal energy and 50 MW of electricity for district heating. “This is Metso’s first demonstration facility using sorted MSW, and has been in successful commercial operation since December 2011,” Partanen says. “These are the first forest residue and sorted MSW gasification systems to demonstrate that gasification of these feedstocks can be successfully applied in both the industrial and utility sectors.”

Large-scale biomass gasification projects, such as the aforementioned, offer some advantages over small or medium-sized projects, the biggest of which is economies of scale. “Large-scale gasification can be utilized at large utility and industrial applications where smaller systems would not be cost effective,” Partanen says. “It’s more costly to build and operate multiple small systems than a single large system. The fact that Metso has demonstrated that up to 40 percent of the coal can be displaced with syngas in a utility boiler with no boiler de-rating is an important milestone. Smaller systems don’t make economic sense in utility applications.”

On attributes that have allowed Metso to overcome challenges associated with large-scale biomass gasification, Partanen says it has been Metso’s long history of R&D in gasification technology and persistence that has pushed the technology into commercialization. “[Gasification technologies] must go through a learning cycle, and that takes time,” he adds. “Success is also based on understanding what is required, and then building the equipment and systems that fit the need. An example is fuel properties, and the effects these properties will have during the gasification process. Tars have always been a problem with gasifiers, and understanding how to deal with these tars is critical…an understanding of fuels and how different fuel characteristics affect fluidized bed boiler operation is the key to how [Metso] has overcome the challenges associated with gasification.”


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Latest Blog: An Abney And Associates Technology News - Google acquires Spider.io to fight ad fraud

Clausen Holmberg fa 13 anys • 0
PCWorld.com
Google claimed it’s ratcheting up the fight against fraud in online advertising, disclosing Friday that it has bought Spider.io, a London company specializing in ad fraud detection technology.

Google has been investing in ad fraud prevention for years, said Neal Mohan, Google’s Display Advertising VP in a blog post on Friday. The company last year turned down millions of applications from sites looking to join its network because of suspected fraudulent activity, he said.

Now, Google will immediately include Spider.io’s fraud detection technology in its video and display ads products to complement existing efforts, said Mohan.

Spider.io helps preventing display advertisers from being defrauded by networks of hijacked PCs, tablets and phones that generate billions of fake ad views, according to its website.

Currently there are two types of display advertising fraud being committed using hijacked Internet-enabled devices, according to Spider.io.

The first involves the attacker running fully automated browsers on the hijacked devices without the knowledge of the device owners. Those browsers visit ad-laden websites of the attacker’s choosing and simulate mouse movements and ad clicks, Spider.io said.

The second type involves hijacking the browsing sessions of the device owners. That typically takes one of four forms, Spider.io said. The device owner’s clicks could for instance be redirected to websites of the attacker’s choosing, and the device owner may also be shown unexpected pop-up windows. Web pages may also be hidden in pop-under windows under the owners’ active browser windows, and ads could be illegitimately injected into webpages ordinarily visited by the device owners.

The company’s technology prevents hijacked PCs, tablets and phones from being used to defraud online advertisers by identifying the type of automated agent responsible for each individual ad request in real time, according to its website.

Google said it hopes its anti-fraud efforts will eventually improve the metrics that advertisers and publishers use to determine the value of digital media and give all parties a clearer picture of what campaigns and media are truly delivering strong results.

Details of the deal were not disclosed in the blog post. Google did not immediately reply to a request for comment.
-1

Bottom Bar: show more file Infos/modes, don't let messages displace those..

jeandeluxe fa 14 anys • 0
Currently (2181@OSX) ST2 has some weaknesses in what and how it shows infos in the bottom bar:

  1. Generally rather few infos of what might be interesting at a glance or direct access..
  2. Ad hoc messages displace the static infos ..

Coming from jEdit i'm used to some more usefull infos or mode toggles - which i find mostly valuable - plus the concise way jEdit presents those.. see this comparison screenshot ST2 vs. jEdit .. it shows:

Left:
  • Line, (ST2)
  • Column (ST2)
  • (Offset, (usefull)
  • Total) (usefull)
Right:
  • |Syntax (ST2)
  • |EditMode (no equivalent-> maybe use some ST2 info or mode )
  • |Encoding (ST2)
  • |WordWrap (very usefull, jEdit has 3 modes: normal,hard,soft)
  • |SelectionMode (no equivalent-> maybe use some ST2 info or mode ) 
  • |RectangularSelection (no equivalent-> maybe use some ST2 info or mode) 
  • |InsertMode (no equivalent-> maybe use some ST2 info or mode ) 
  • |LineSeparator|(usefull)
  • JavaHeap (irrelevant)

As u can see, jEdit stuffs a lot of usefull infos/modes in little space (has tooltips if in doubt) ..

-1

Per TAB word wrap

Rafal W. fa 14 anys • 0

Per TAB character word wrap.

Similar to Word/Excel.


Discussion:

http://www.sublimetext.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=10589

-1
Not a bug

Windows roaming profile junk

Julian Gamble fa 15 anys • updated by Jon Skinner fa 15 anys • 0
Sublime text 1 left 5 meg in my roaming profile on a windows active directory domain. Please provide a way to specify the location that the custom files get saved to - this is a showstopper in the corporate environment. 
Answer
Jon Skinner fa 15 anys
You can use the portable version to ensure nothing outside the application folder gets written to
-1

add_regions erases the previous regions with the same name.

Filipe Cabecinhas fa 15 anys • actualitzat fa 15 anys • 0
add_regions() doesn't add regions. It replaces previous regions with the same name.

add_regions() with the same region name as a region already present in the view will replace the existing regions, instead of adding to them (as the name implies).

Example:
>>> v = sublime.windows()[0].active_view()
>>> v.add_regions('a', [v.full_line(v.text_point(133,0))], 'string', 'circle', sublime.HIDDEN)  # A circle is added, in line 133
>>> v.add_regions('a', [v.full_line(v.text_point(137,0))], 'string', 'circle', sublime.HIDDEN)  # The first circle is deleted and a circle is added to line 137

I was expecting to have two circles, one in line 133, one in line 137.

Regards,

  Filipe

-1

endforeach php tag

matthewfedak fa 15 anys • actualitzat fa 15 anys • 0
I have noticed that while sublime text 2 can help with predictive text on creatong a php foreach loop it does not have suggestive text built in for short hand php. i.e. if I want a foreach loop like, it will not prompt with an endforeach; if you need one.
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Switch Project Ctl-Alt-P stopped working

Scott Bowers fa 14 anys • actualitzat fa 14 anys • 1

On Ubuntu 12.04 x64.

-1

Super+N open new window and Super+T new tab

aristidesfl fa 15 anys • actualitzat fa 15 anys • 1

In order to stick with default OSbehavior and also improve the usability of creating new files I suggest assigning:


Super+N -> Open new window (like it does on textmate, finder, etc..)


Super+T -> Go to file/New file (Create new tab showing the current panel with a couple of teaks)


To open a file, it would work as usually:

Create new tab, type the name of the file, press return.


To create a file:

Create new tab and press esc to dismiss the overlay. 
As an enhanced behavior, the user could instead of pressing esc, type the name of the newfile+folder (somefolder/example.css) and press enter. If no folder is specified (example.css), the file would be created next to the previously displayed file. This would spare the user of having to save the file manually in order to have syntax features or having to deal with the save file dialog. 


All this could be complemented by a Create New File entry on the show_files overlay (the one which appears when you press super+t)
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Build command, Build window crash

ttvd fa 15 anys • 0

Hello I am experiencing a problem with most recent version of sublime 2. My build system (nmake) used to work just fine with previous version, but now it sometimes works and sometimes does not. When it does not work, it opens an empty dockedbuild window at the bottom, but does not show any build steps ~ text, errors etc. I know build is going on, just text is not shown. Also, when text is not shown and I click in a window with my mouse, sublime crashes. When build is going and text is shown and I click, everything is fine.


Thanks.
-1

OS-hidden folders/files should not show up in side bar or find results

Hans Meyer fa 14 anys • updated by stijn fa 14 anys • 1
Per Visual Studio, folders/files marked as "hidden" at the OS level should not show up in the side bar or find results.
-1

Cannot overwrite build systems properly

Oktay Acikalin fa 16 anys • actualitzat fa 16 anys • 1
When copying e.g. the Python/Python.sublime-build file into my User folder I get two entries for Python and "Automatic" takes the original one instead of my user defined one.
It would be better, that my user defined build would just overwrite the original one so that "Automatic" would use my own settings.
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Climate change pledges: rich nations face fury over moves to renege

adley brinton fa 13 anys • 0

Developing nations have launched an impassioned attack on the failure of the world's richest countries to live up to theirclimate changepledges in the wake of the disaster in the Philippines.


With more than 3,600 people now believed to have been killed by Typhoon Haiyan, moves by several major economies to backtrack on commitments over carbon emissions have put the world's poorest and most wealthy states on a collision course, on the eve of crucial high-level talks at a summit of world powers.

Yeb Sano,the Philippines' lead negotiator at theUN climate change summitbeing held this weekend in Warsaw, spoke of a major breakdown in relations overshadowing the crucial talks, which are due to pave the way for a 2015 deal to bring down global emissions.


The diplomat, on the sixth day of a hunger strike in solidarity for those affected by Haiyan, including his own family, told theObserver: "We are very concerned. Public announcements from some countries about lowering targets are not conducive to building trust. We must acknowledge the new climate reality and put forward a new system to help us manage the risks and deal with the losses to which we cannot adjust."


Munjurul Hannan Khan, representing the world's 47 least affluent countries, said: "They are behaving irrationally and unacceptably. The way they are talking to the most vulnerable countries is not acceptable. Today the poor are suffering from climate change. But tomorrow the rich countries will be. It starts with us but it goes to them."


Recent decisions by the governments ofAustralia,JapanandCanadato downgrade their efforts over climate change have caused panic among those states most affected by global warming, who fear others will follow as they rearrange their priorities during the downturn.


In the last few days, Japan has announced it will backtrack on its pledge to reduce its emission cuts from 25% to 3.8% by 2020 on the basis that it had to close its nuclear reactors after the 2011 earthquake and tsunami.

Australia, which is not sending a minister to this weekend's talks signalled it may weaken its targets and is repealing domestic carbon laws following the election of a conservative government.


Canada has pulled out of the Kyoto accord, which committed major industrial economies to reducing their annual CO2emissions to below 1990 levels.

China's lead negotiator at the Warsaw talks, Su Wei, said: "I do not have any words to describe my dismay at Japan's decision." He criticised Europe for showing a lack of ambition to cut emissions further, adding: "They talk about ratcheting up ambition, but rather they would have to ratchet up to ambition from zero ambition."

When the highest-level talks start at the summit on Monday, due to be attended by representatives from 195 countries, including energy secretaryEd Davey, the developing world will seek confirmation from states such as Britain that they will not follow the path of Japan and others.David Cameron's comments this weekendin which he backed carbon emission cuts and suggested that there was growing evidence of a link between manmade climate change and disasters such as Typhoon Haiyan, will inevitably be used to pressure others to offer similar assurances.


The developing world also wants the rich western nations to commit to establishing a compensation scheme for future extreme weather events, as the impact of global warming is increasingly felt. And they want firm signals that rich countries intend to find at least $100bn a year by 2020 to help them to adapt their countries to severe climate extremes.


China and 132 nations that are part of the G77 block of developing countries have expressed dismay that rich countries had refused to discuss a proposal for scientists to calculate emissions since the start of the Industrial Revolution.

Ambassador Jose Antonio Marcondes de Carvalho of Brazil, who initially proposed the talks, said: "We were shocked, very much surprised by their rejection and dismissal. It is puzzling. We need to understand why they have rejected it.

"Developing countries are doing vastly more to reduce their emissions than Annexe 1 [rich] countries."


Members of the Disaster Emergencies Committee, which co-ordinates British aid efforts, also warned leaders that the disaster offers a glimpse of the future if urgent action is not taken.

Aid agencies including Christian Aid, Cafod, Care International, Oxfam and Tearfund said ministers meeting in the Polish capital must act urgently because climate change is likely to make such extreme weather events more common in the future, putting millions more lives at risk.


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http://www.shelfari.com/groups/101394/discussions/478364/Crown-Capital-Management-Environmental-News

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